Motives for Americas Invasion of Iraq

Thought processes in Americas Invasion of Iraq Presentation Numerous things have been said and expounded on Americas attack of Iraq. Until this point in time, a large portion of what have been said is basically responses leveled against the clarifications embraced by the then Americas system and her partners in defending attack of Iraq. Bushs system told the worldwide network that there was critical need to attack Iraq so as to remove Saddam Husseins dictatorial initiative from force and therefore clear route for the entrenchment of vote based system in Iraq which is an essential to global harmony and security particularly in this period of fear based oppression. Despite the fact that UN Security Councils insight staff doled out the duty of researching Americas cases of presence of WMDs in Iraq was not in amicability with those cases, America proceeded in taking part in one of the most costly war since the finish of Cold War. This exposition tries to build up whether sociopolitical clarifications received by America in the midst of fights from the International people group and the UN were supported by Americas enthusiasm to keep up her worldwide financial strength or the broadcasted political intention of freeing Iraqis from oppression. War as a methods for actualizing international strategy For the most part, war is an over the top expensive international strategy usage apparatus which no rational country would need to as often as possible utilize not except if its the main option for her endurance. All states - the ground-breaking and the powerless U.S included attempts however much as could reasonably be expected to utilize serene discretion in actualizing their international strategies abroad and can just hotel to coercive strategy (war) when its the main objective option for ensuring its endurance and interests in the International System. Experts were thusly left unconvinced whether the need to expel awful administration in Iraq was the principle and certifiable purpose for Americas intrusion of Iraq or her desire to keep up herself position as the worldwide monetary goliath was increasingly significant. Certainly, there is no financial, political, or social clarification that can all alone completely and convincingly clarify Americas intrusion of Iraq. The monetary viewpoint of the attack Quest for monetary advancement and predominance abroad is one of the significant objectives of any country states international strategies. Paul Cerni Mphil (2006) states that â€Å"†¦ what each country and realm tries to will be to sustain their own economy where necessary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  America is no exemption as in her assurance to keep up her worldwide monetary position stands apart as one of the principle determinants of her international strategies. For sure, her desire to situate her self as the worldwide financial monster has been called attention to by researchers and universal political investigators as the principle main thrust behind year 2003 intrusion of Iraq. Completely, Marxists attributable to the giant measure of cash spent on this war dont refer to some other thought process behind the attack of Iraq by America in union with Britain among others. For them some other non financial clarifications received by America in legitimizing her activities was minor political bad faith planned for deceiving the global network from restricting intrusion of Iraq. Paula Cerni Mphil (2006) again contends that â€Å"The US intrusion of Iraq, publicized as a mighty assault on worldwide dread and oppression, should stamp the ascent of a more grounded and increasingly decisive American imperialism.† Pundits dont get why if Americas announced objective of expelling terrible authority in Iraq was the primary plan she didnt dither from attacking Iraq significantly after UN Security Council neglected to deliver proof for the presence of WMDs in Iraq. They dismiss Americas cases of the need to oppression in Iraq since the UN should keeping up worldwide security and harmony by asking nations to organize legitimate structures that can forestall individuals with impractical notions like which are a danger to just presence from assuming control over force. Along these lines, these pundits contend that the need to make an empowering domain in Iraq for motivations behind misusing her rich oil mines was the essential enthusiasm for this intrusion. Oil as a wellspring of vitality for her ventures is one of the profoundly requested crude material by American entrepreneurs and colonialists who couldn't feel any agony in subsidizing such a costly international strategy try. America was accordingly resolved to remove Saddam Hussein from power not for purposes accomplishing a popularity based initiative in Iraq however with the goal that they could set up a manikin authority which they could without much of a stretch control so as to fulfill their egotistical monetary interests. To these pundits thusly, America was basically determined to overcome a renowned monetary domain and wrongly expected that the frail Iraq would acknowledge her announced objective of killing terrible initiative from power. A short scrutinize of the monetary contention for the attack Note that Marxists are known for their propensity to over accentuate the financial parts of a given genuine wonder like intrusion of Iraq by America. Nonetheless, a fair investigator should see all components in play and attempt as mush as conceivable to put behind each factor an accentuation that isn't overstated. That is, in as much as monetary interests were essential in this intrusion and are for the most part in some random international strategy different interests like her national security, endurance, harmony, and need to proliferate her philosophies can on occasion be a higher priority than simple quest for financial riches and predominance It is subsequently real to contend that in as much as much as America needed to misuse Iraqs oil different interests, for example, her national security and endurance in the global framework assumed a critical job. Its for example questionable that for this situation American political elites felt that Saddam Husseins system was a danger to her a national security and endurance by righteousness of the way that it could give a working base to worldwide fear mongers. There was need in this manner to attack Iraq so as to finish awful initiative and along these lines introduce another popularity based authority that would not just assurance Iraqis their tranquility and human rights yet additionally empower America defend her national security and endurance against the danger of fear based oppressor assaults from Iraq. Remarks posted on geocities.com states that for a significant timeframe â€Å"US organization kept on considering expelling Husseins system from force and following the Se ptember 11, 2001 fear based oppressor annihilation of the World Trade Center Twin Towers in New York, they concluded that they had adequate reason to do so.† This contention is moored on the reason that Iraq has been is as yet a center of risky fear monger and revolutionary gatherings including the feared Al Qaeda dread gathering. Somewhat in this way, Americas national security and endurance in the worldwide framework announced by Bush system was as significant as situating herself as a worldwide financial mammoth. It is accordingly out of line and even unscholarly to give the Iraq attack an outright monetary clarification in this manner under looking different components. Be that as it may, power of Americas monetary aspirations in this attack ought to be given its thought as needs be particularly because of her voracious â€Å"thirst† for oil which is bounty in Iraq. End All in all, much the same as it was called attention to before there is nobody specific factor (financial, social or political) that can clarify Americas intrusion of Iraq without confronting the perils of lacking unprejudiced nature. An unbiased examiner should along these lines painstakingly put into thought all variables in play without over stressing some to the detriment of others. Time and history subsequently stays to refute us or right with respect to our assessments relating this intrusion. Promoters of global harmony and security might for example want to perceive how fruitful America will be in setting up harmony and dependability and modifying the fallen Iraq country. And furthermore comprehend why quite a long while after Saddam Hussein was hanged for his oppressive administration, terrible authority is tireless in most Asian nations and no WMDs have been recouped from Iraq. References Mphil, Paula Cerni. 2006. Government in the Twenty-First Century. Hypothesis and Science.theoryand sciecce.icaap.org (recovered on August 20, 2009.). Iraq War www.geocities.com/daverclark/iraq war.html (recovered on August 20, 2009.).

The length of a wire affects its resistance Essay Example for Free

The length of a wire influences its obstruction Essay I anticipate that by keeping the voltage the equivalent, the amp estimations will have a solid relationship, however by utilizing just a single voltage may be the subject of ohms law not to work. It might likewise be demonstrated that by raising the length of the bit of wire the connection between the obstruction will be that, the more drawn out the wire the less opposition occurring. Supplies usedâ Amp meterâ Volt meter (set at 4 volts)â Power pack (likewise set at 4 volts) Experiment After setting up the hardware, I set out the circuit gave on the board. I at that point attracted an outcome table to record my outcomes and started my examination. I set the voltage on the force pack to 4 and cut a crocodile cut toward one side of the wire, perusing 0 cm on the ruler. At that point I put the other crocodile cut on the bit of wire that read 10 cm on the ruler. To get my outcome however I despite everything needed to move my resistor to get the se3t voltage on my volt meter (which is 4 volts). When I accomplish this voltage, I took a gander at the amp meter to perceive what amp estimation I had accomplished. In the wake of recording my perusing in my table, I move the moved the crocodile cut at the perusing of 10cm on the ruler and moved it to 20 cm at that point rehashed the entire procedure I had quite recently done to get the perusing for 20cm. At that point I did likewise process for 30cm to 90cm. when I had done this I took a gander at my outcomes table to check whether I could frame a connection between my outcomes, however in the wake of looking them I couldnt truly think about a positive relationship with out some other outcomes to contrast and, yet with saying that I could see a little relationship there, that the opposition goes down when the length of wire goes up. Length of wire (cm) Number of investigation 1 2 3 Resistance. So to ensure that I had a relationship I revamp the investigation once more (twice) to check whether my hypothesis was take a stab at all three tests. Length of wire (cm) Number of analysis 1 2 3 Resistance By taking a gander at my outcomes I reached the resolution that my little hypothesis was the more drawn out the bit of wire the littler the obstruction valid however that wasnt the finish of my test. I needed to discover what number of ohms were in every estimation. In any case, first I took my table and found the normal estimation for the opposition. Length of wire (cm) Number of test 1 2 3 Resistance Average Then I moved to do Ohms law, so as to do this I needed to take the condition V=IxR and turn I round to get the quantity of ohms, so the end condition was R=V/I so I did this to the entirety of my outcomes in my table, to get Length of wire (cm). Number of analysis 1 2 3 Resistance Averageâ then put these outcomes in to a chart to make one look like figure 1. 2. End By taking a gander at my chart I would state that my expectation is right in light of the fact that the length of a bit of wire affects the obstruction of the voltage going toss it. Assessment. I would state that I could improve examination by including more detail what I did and how I did it. I could likewise look into more data on the most proficient method to direct my examination further. I ought to have invested more energy gathering data and results, which would have made my test more pleasant than it was all however I did my test multiple times since I still dont believe that my test was reasonable enough. Kassandra McDonald Show review just The above see is unformatted content This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism segment.

The Link Between Sanitation and Child Life Expectancy in India Critical Analysis

â€Å"The desires are different†, is an explanation that Perri Klass makes in her article entitled â€Å"India†(1986). This perception alludes to the distinction in kid future between Klass’ home in North America, and her present home in India, where she is rehearsing pediatric medication. In North America, each kid is relied upon to outperform their folks in future. In the mean time, in India, the likelihood that kids will kick the bucket youthful is genuine and happens more than would normally be appropriate. In 1998 alone, around 2. 5 million youngsters under 5 kicked the bucket in India (Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2000,). Makes this number significantly all the more amazing that practically all the passings were preventable. The absence of sanitation prompting destructive water-borne sickness in India is the fundamental factor adding to these very high numbers. This exposition will investigate the job that sanitation has according to youngster future in India. A base root to sanitation is human cleanliness, especially access to clean water and toiletries. The expense to introduce a latrine in India is 200 USD (Agoramoorthey&Hsu, 2009). This, to a normal American, doesn't appear especially cash by any stretch of the imagination. Be that as it may, when you are a rancher working in rustic India making a normal of 150 to 225 USD every year (Agoramoorthy and Hsu, 2009), this is an enormous measure of cash. This negligible pay is scarcely enough to keep up fundamental endurance (food, asylum, and dress), not to mention purchase a can. The administration of India, one after another, contributed up to 80% of the expense of buying a latrine to advance sanitation, however now the endowment offered is just 20% (Agoramoorthy and Hsu, 2009). A general absence of assets is the principle contributing explanation that lone 34% of Indian family units approach a latrine (Agoramoothy and Hsu, 2009). The other 66% of the populace is compelled to crap and pee in broad daylight. The measure of individuals that don't approach toilets in India is 638 million (UNICEF India, Water, condition and sanitation, 2011), which is in excess of multiple times the whole populace of Canada (Stats Canada, 2010). The measure of open poop in India presents huge wellbeing danger, particularly to the most powerless populace, youngsters, through water tainting. Most of Indian family units don't approach running water. Water is generally acquired to the homes from wells or unsanitary lakes, fundamentally by ladies. Appropriate capacity of water is likewise a gigantic issue causing tainting, as most holders don’t even have handles. 67% of the inhabitants of India don't treat their water, despite the fact that it most certainly is artificially or bacterially polluted (UNICEF India, Water and condition and sanitation, 2011). As showed in the beneath outline (Figure 1), most of the ghetto and rustic pieces of India depend on waters other than funneled water for washing themselves and cleaning cooking supplies( Nath, 2003), prompting cross tainting. Figure 1: Sources of Water for Washing as indicated by Different Population Sectors in Calcutta India (Nath,2003) Sewage control is additionally inadequately kept up in India, henceforth turning out to be one more water-related issue. With an aggregate of around 4000 towns in India, just roughly 200 of them have halfway secured sewage frameworks, bringing about poor seepage for storm waters prompting successive flooding of crapped in waters (Nath,2003). Rainstorm season is frequently the most exceedingly terrible for poo sullying the waters because of the colossal measure of precipitation and bringing about overland overflow. Tainted waters are basic in India; hence the water is hard to dodge particularly for kids. Youngsters unintentionally devour poop in lake water as they are playing, bringing about sickness. In the creating scene 24,000 youngsters younger than 5 bite the dust each day from preventable sicknesses brought about by contact of unclean (water. organization, 2011). That is very nearly a fourth of a million lives that could be spared alone by something as straightforward as spotless water. 21% of all malady in India is water-related (UNICEF India, Water, condition and sanitation, 2011), but then preventable. With the commonness of water-related maladies in India, one would figure the legislature would step in and inoculate the kids against rotavirus. As of now, youngsters in India are not immunized against rotavirus, which is the main source of diarrheal ailment. (UNICEF India, Water, condition and sanitation, 2011) A youngster here in Canada can get looseness of the bowels and be given over the counter medication, for example, Pesto Bismal and be fine in couple hours or, at the very least, be hospitalized for lack of hydration and be out the following day. In India, in 1996 there were an amazing 1600 passings every day from the runs, coming about because of water defilement. Unicef India, Water, condition and sanitation, 2011). Something as preventable and treatable as looseness of the bowels ought not cause the same number of youngsters to pass on as it does. Just 39% of youngsters that get the runs in India get the suggested medicines (UNICEF/WHO, Diarrhea: Why kids are as yet passing on and what should be possible? ). In the event that these kids had gotten appropriate treatment, or had an inoculation to forestall this in any case they would in all likelihood despite everything be alive. Helps was once thought to be the most focused on enemy of youngsters in creating nations, however now, a preventable and reparable disease like loose bowels has started to lead the pack. Looseness of the bowels currently slaughters more small kids than AIDS, intestinal sickness measles consolidated. (UNICEF/WHO, Diarrhea: Why kids are as yet passing on and what should be possible, 2009) As delineated underneath in Figure 2, instances of looseness of the bowels appeared to decay quickly from 1992-1993 just to rise rapidly again by 1998 (Nath, 2003). Figure 2: Reported Data on Diarrhea in India from 1989 to 1998 (Nath,2003) As noted in Klass’ article (India, 1986) desires are distinctive in India and North America in regards to kid future. In North America what apparently are basic things like clean water, and toilets, are uncommon in many pieces of India. We, in America additionally anticipate that the legislature should promptly step in with inoculation projects and financing if necessary. In India there are inoculation programs yet they are not promptly actualized. We anticipate that our kids should live more and not bite the dust from preventable malady because of unsanitary conditions. In India, it is normal that kids may go before their folks in death, because of preventable ailment brought about by absence of sanitation. With a large number of youngsters biting the dust yearly in India from sanitation related disease, possibly it is time something was done rather than simply being said.

South Africas Clinical Associate (Clin-A) The PA Model Around The World

This is part seven of a nine-part series by documentary filmmaker Adam Halbur on the PA model around the world. Today we take a fascinating look into the real life of South Africas pioneering PA-like clinical associates. View all posts in this seriesAs Good As You Can: The PA Model Around the World Part OneAmerican Cheese: The Origin of the U.S. Physician AssistantPAs in the Netherlands: The Dutch Physician AssistantWhy We Really Need PAs in The UK: The British Physician AssociateMeet The PA Pioneers of Israel: The Israeli Physician AssistantTrials and Tribulations of the Liberian Physician AssistantSouth Africa’s Clinical Associate (Clin-A): The PA Model Around The World South Africas Clinical Associate (Clin-A) Starting with programs at Walter Sisulu University and the University of Pretoria (2008) and at the University of the Witwatersrand, or WITS (2009), South Africas clinical associate (Clin-A) is one of the more recent to join physician assistant-like professionals around the world. I visited the Bachelor of Clinical Medical Practice (BMCP) at WITS in Johannesburg, where I found the students and teachers as refreshingly current as any student in the United Kingdom or the United States. I hesitate to make overarching generalizations, but perhaps there is a more-established middle class in South African cities, imbued with a different attitude growing up in a pluralistic, politically liberated society under Nelson Mandela, than students and educators in countries like Kenya and India that gained independence early on and still suffer under a hierarchical ideology lingering from colonial Britain, even though that empires physical infrastructure went into decline long ago. Instead of sir and madam following up every phrase in overt reverence to faculty and administrators, I found a more collegial, if-not irreverent, atmosphere one would find among players and their coach. An Interview with Clin-A Educators Academic head Scott Smalley, a U.S. physician assistant, and Clin-A educators Victor Mokokotlela and Aviwe Mgobozi sat down to talk with me in 2017. Both Mgobozi and Mokokotlela were among the first graduates of the WITS program. I didnt really know what it was about, recalled Mgobozi when considering the program. And I just thought, OK, let me do it because its still within health care and its still within medicine. And so I thought because I want to help people because I want to work in the hospital, I still sort of in the same field. And then we just started. And we were a very small class of 25. Later, while driving me to another interview, Mgobozi told me more in-depth about how she was inspired by her mother, who is a physician in Port Elizabeth: "I grew up in an environment where I would go and sit at the surgery and greet the patients and just run around thereshed have to chase me away. So I think that the environment influenced my decision to apply for medicine. But I was interested in just how you would help a sickly patient, the medicine or biology behind it. And I just saw the relationships she had with her patients. It was more than just a strictly formal, OK, Im the doctor. Youre the patient. And so I grew up really wanting to be part of that. And she loves community work. And shes really, shes more into community health. And I was inspired by that and so applied for medicine." Things didnt go well the first year and Mgobozi transferred into the clinical associate program, but she said that shes happy and doesnt regret her decision. She also continues to share her interest in medicine with her mother. Even now, when I go back home, Ill be there with her, she said. And well have conversations about patients and, you know, whats prevalent in the community now. Shes like an HIV specialist, so we still have those conversations. Not many daughters and their mothers have these conversations, but we really do. Like we talk about guidelines and HIV, so its nice to have that. A Day in the Life of a Clin-A Student I found similar passion in a first-year student from Limpopo, one of the most rural areas, where HIV infection is high but where there is a clinic only every 60 km. It's very difficult to get people to engage, to donate and voice out if you're on the outside, she explained about choosing to become a Clin-A, but from the inside, people actually take you seriously. So it's more about me getting people to be helped than me helpingtwo hands are not really much, but if I get more people to engage, it can really benefit a lot of people's lives. Others in her group agreed, but they all appeared more interested in the latest episode of Game of Thrones they were discussing before the interview, and more worried about meeting the higher standards of university academics. Its pretty difficult," the Limpopo woman said, because if you look at the South African education system level in high school and you compare it to the education level that we have here, theres a really broad gap, so we have to do a lot of work to catch up and understand when you get to university. Another woman found it difficult navigating the BMCPs integrated curriculum. It gets a bit messy at times because it has your anatomy, your physiology, your pharmacology all together, she said. Whereas other degrees perhaps will have anatomy, physiology separately. But when its all mixed, its just that the workload is so much. While first-year students have a lot of memorizing to do, they also begin to learn problem-solving skills. They taught in a symptom-based way, recalled Mgobozi. So you would just write cough on the board, and then we started brainstorming what could the possible causes be for the cough. At first it was very difficult to get the hang of that, Mokokotlea added,Cant we just study, just read our books? Tell us the various different causes for a cough, and then well memorize those and when you ask us tomorrow in class as to what the causes of a cough are, well just list them off like that. But it wasnt like that. It was just cough, lets think about a cough. What is affected when a person coughs? Its the lungs. You just write respiratory. It could also be the heart, cardiovascular. So we thought, well, at the time, I thought, Its really difficult. Rotations and Objective Structured Clinical Exams These mapping skills are important as second-year students are already beginning to have hands-on experiences, mainly at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, in Soweto Township, the third largest hospital in the world. Today were going to do work on child health, and were teaching them integrated management of childhood illness, which is a protocol process to help treat children under 5 years old, said Smalley on the way to lead a group of second-year students at Chris Hani. There are five big mortality diseases that affect children, and this is one way we can identify that early so we can get the child the help they need before problems become too challenging, and it often becomes too late. Third-year students also get experience at Chris Hani, such as in the ER. The emergency department is very busy, said Smalley. It sees lots of trauma patients. South Africa seems to have an undercurrent of quite a bit of violence that they say is often hanging over from the Apartheid days. So on any given day, therell be gunshot wounds, therell be stabs, a lot of domestic violence, intimate partner violence. So our students are exposed to some opportunities here of really tremendous learning to do some emergency medicine work, also in the wards, and HIV clinics, in the obstetric wards. Third-year students preparing for their OSCE (objective structured clinical exam), including doing lumbar punctures, said they focus on those common cases. We deal with a lot of relevant things in class, said one. We deal with a lot of conditions we are guaranteed that we will see as opposed to your once in ten. So yeah, you become very good, very good, added another. Chris Hani, a public hospital, caters mainly to a local population that has risen economically post-Apartheid but still cannot afford the private care many wealthier people can buy. Smalley said there are efforts to implement a national health scheme to rectify these inequalities: Inequality and South Africa's National Health Insurance Theres this big inequity of health provision in South Africa. If you have money to afford medical aid, which is like health insurance, or if you work for an employer that can provide you that, then you can go see the private doctors and pay substantially more but also get deductions through the medical aid scheme. But if you dont have either of these, then you can go to any government health facility and receive free care or for very minimal charges for certain procedures. But theres a real inequity in that distribution and whats provided because the government health sector has very little money and resources to hire and retain doctors, to hire clinical associates, to hire nurses, to hire and to staff it, and to have the resources availableyoure always running out of medicines quite often, of sterile packs quite often. "Youre not able to run your theaters. Whereas the private sector gets all of the resources, but only 20 percent of the population. So then in the last six years, theres been a movement to try to equalize this with the national health insurance scheme, NHI. And so that all South Africans will be provided with health coverage, and they can go to the private sector or the public sector, and the idea was to bring up the public sector so it meets the same provisions as the private. And so theyre going to have to redistribute these resources. Youre talking about pulling money away from private and putting more into the public. And theyre going to have private doctors starting to work more in public, and private facilities accepting what were public patients." Reading online comments on news sites, I encountered some skepticism the NHI would work, leading to additional fleecing of citizens; only if properly funded and implemented, with the citizenry truly in mind and not private interests, can it succeed. "The NHI would also benefit the clinical associate and vice versa as the scheme would offer 16 services of health care needs from pediatrics to maternity to surgical to etc. etc., said Smalley. But the opportunity for us as clinical associates is that we can get in on this national insurance scheme and our clinical associates can be employed at either place because theyll be flexible enough to be here or here. Mokokotela added, Of those 16 goals of the NHI, clinical associates satisfy 10 of them. A Lack of Growth and Recognition Cause Many to Leave the Profession Clinical associates are already working both in private clinics and private hospitals. And while Clin-As seemed more autonomous in private practices, there was a sense of restlessness among both camps. Zenande, a Clin-A in internal medicine doing cesareans at Bertha Gxowa, a public hospital in Germiston, Johannesburg, said, "Honestly, Im looking to leave the field. Im happy doing my work. Im just not happy about all the other thingssalary, lack of appreciation, you know, theres so much. Theres no growth. Theres no academic growth currently. Theres only that one program at WITS for emergency medicine. What about the rest of us that dont want to do emergency medicine but have other specialties? So theres no growth academically. Theres no growth financially. Theres no recognition from our health department. So that pains me. As much as I love what Im doing, but when I go home, you know, and I want to grow; Im not getting any younger." Nhlanhla working in general practice at a private clinic expressed a similar desire to advance: "I love family practice. If in the future there would be maybe an honors in internal medicine, then I think I would go for that because I love internal medicine. And in the future, actually, recently I applied with Adventist Health in California. The only challenge was that I had to register as a qualified certified physician assistant from the states, whereby I have to go for two years to a PA school in America. So that was a bit of a drag, which means I would have to quit working and go back to school fulltime, and then the responsibilities take a toll." Clinical Associate Professional Demographics According to Smalley, of those students that had graduated before 2017 about 5 percent typically wanted to go on to further studies, even in new professions, about 4 percent went to academics, 6 percent went into nonprofit work, and another 6 percent went into private work, whereas 80 percent went to the government. Mgobozi added many leave because they are not finding the stability they seek since the clinical officer is such a new profession and still establishing itself. Mokokotlela and Mgobozi are among the 4 percent who were able to leave practice to go into academics. Theres a whole lot of gratification from teaching, said Mokokotlele, but stressing the need for role models for this new profession. Im hoping that a lesson is better learned from a role model than a person whos not. Why do You Want to be a Clinical Associate? When I asked why he became a Clin-A, Mokokotlela said he gives a different story every time "There are just so many reasons. I think what I first said. At home, we had chickens. We had outside rooms and there was a toilet outside. We used to sleep in there, in the outside rooms, in the staff quarters; it was traditional old housing. There was a toilet outside, so one of the chicks, a couple of chicks actually fell in the toilet, in the bowl there. And some of them drowned. I used to watch Baywatch with Pamela Anderson back then. And I saw CPR for the first time on Baywatch. And I did CPR on a chick, or chicksone survived, one died. One died, one survived. Im made for this." As with the chicks, his first CPR on a human subject wasnt successful but the second was. But I thought, I was made for this, Mokokotlela said. And I realized this when I was seven years old. So thats why Im here because of a chick I did CPR on. You save lives, replied Smalley, while Mgobozi laughed. Perhaps, in the end, a good sense of humor is the best quality Clin-As could hope as they move forward into the next decade. South Africa Clin-A Quick Facts: Name: Clinical Associate Can USPAs practice in South Africa: Yes South Africa Clin-A Salary: 69 (US$4.53)/hour, R122,084 (US$ 9,416)/Year Number of Clin-A programs: 3 Number of Clin-As practicing in South Africa: 920 Prescription rights in South Africa: Yes South Africa Professional Clin-A Association: The Professional Association of Clinical Associates in South Africa (PACASA) South Africa Clin-A certification exam: Not required South Africa Certification Maintenance: Unknown South Africa Clin-A Day: not yet About the Author Adam Halbur is a writer and teacher living in Tokyo, Japan. A short version of his filmAs Good As You Can, As Professionally As You Canpremiered at the 11th annual conference of the International Academy of Physician Associate Educators. Watch the American Cheese segment of the longer versionhere. Watch a short of the 50th AAPA Conference with interviews from Ruth Ballweg and David Kuhnshere. Halbur is entirely self-funded, so if you appreciate his work, please considermaking a small contributionto his feature documentary on the Kenyan clinical officer. Be Notified of The Next Post View all posts in this seriesAs Good As You Can: The PA Model Around the World Part OneAmerican Cheese: The Origin of the U.S. Physician AssistantPAs in the Netherlands: The Dutch Physician AssistantWhy We Really Need PAs in The UK: The British Physician AssociateMeet The PA Pioneers of Israel: The Israeli Physician AssistantTrials and Tribulations of the Liberian Physician AssistantSouth Africas Clinical Associate (Clin-A): The PA Model Around The World You may also like -Make a Difference Train the Next Generation of PAs in Sub-Saharan Africa as a Clinical Associates MentorNote:The Clinical Associates twinning partnerships in South Africa are made possible through the support of the US Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in South []As Good As You Can: The PA Model Around the World Part One Welcome to part one of this powerful nine-part miniseries detailing filmmaker Adam Halbur's spectacular new documentary film about the PA model around the world. Make sure to sign up below to receive all the posts in this []Trials and Tribulations of the Liberian Physician Assistant This is part five of a nine-part series by documentary filmmaker Adam Halbur on the PA model around the world. As God Would Have It When I visited in 2017, Liberia was celebrating 150 years since its founding by Christian []

Credit Card Fraud - 1910 Words

Running Head: Credit Card Fraud Impact of Credit Card Fraud Outline Card Credit Fraud Thesis Statement: Credit card fraud is an inclusive term for larceny and deception committed using a credit card or any similar payment mechanism as a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction. The purpose may be to attain goods without paying, or to achieve illegal resources from an account. Credit card fraud is also an appendage to identity theft. According to the Federal Trade Commission, while identity theft had been holding steady for the last few years, it saw a 21 percent increase in 2008..( Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book: January - December 2008 (PDF). Federal Trade Commission February 26, 2009.) The costs of card fraud in 2006†¦show more content†¦They require a personal identification number (PIN) which may also be a violation. Card holders have several countermeasures, including complex software which can assemble a vest interaction and guesstimate the possibility of fraud. For example, a large trade occurring in a great distance from the cardholder’s home might seem mistrustful. Merchants may be commanded to call the card holder for authentication, or reject the transaction or do whatever they want. Customers must call the issuer and prove t heir identity to get their card back. III. Compromised accounts Card bank account information is stored in a number of formats. Account numbers – formally the Primary Account Number (PAN) – are often stamped or imprinted on the card, and a magnetic streak on the back contains the data in machine readable format. Fields can vary, but the most common include: * Name of card holder * Account number * Expiration date * Verification/CVV code A. Card not present transactions The major routes of fraud which is contrary for merchants who sale and ship products are the mail and the internet as they affect legitimate mail-order and Internet merchants. The card should be present (called CNP, card not present) so the merchant can trust the issuer (or someone purporting to be so) issuers present their information in any way theyShow MoreRelatedCredit Card Fraud Essay3025 Words   |  13 PagesCredit Card Fraud: Overview, Analysis, and Recommendations Credit card fraud is a significant problem in the U.S. with losses exceeding $5.718 billion annually (Sullivan, 2010). Perpetrators are continually developing new methods to circumvent established and evolving fraud prevention controls. With economic expansion continuing its advance into the digital era and electronic forms of payments increasingly common, the problem of credit card fraud is likely to increase. Internet-based creditRead MoreCredit Card Fraud Essay2919 Words   |  12 Pagesform of credit card, brought in convenience and made life simpler for us, but along with it came the Pandora’s Box. 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Barker,  Jackie DAmato,  Paul Sheridon.  Journal of Financial Crime.  London:  2008.  Vol. 15, Iss. 4;  pg. 398 Abstract (Summary) To make readers aware of the pervasiveness of credit card fraud and how it affects credit card companies, merchants and consumers. A range of recent publications in journals and information from internet web sites provide corroboration and details of how fraudsters are using credit cards to steal billionsRead MoreWorld Wide Credit Card Fraud1353 Words   |  6 Pages Credit card fraud transpires daily and in a variety of ways. Often times the consumer that has been a victim of credit card fraud is unaware until they notice the fraudulent charges for purchases they never made. Thieves obtain credit card information in a number of way, data breaches, compromised card information, a dishonest employee at a restaurant or retails store, by a fraudulent website, by giving out credit card information to someone over phone with malice intent. According to StatisticRead MoreCredit Card Fraud Should Be A Federal Offense1120 Words   |  5 Pages Abstract Credit card fraud is a federal offense and can get an offender up to 20 years in prison depending on the severity of the situation. Should it be a federal offense? Credit card fraud is becoming more and more relevant especially in the United States , matter of fact it increased by 16% in 2016 alone. This is a serious problem in today s society. The hypothesis that s being examined in this paper is that credit card fraud should be a federal offense. This has become a relevantRead MoreDigital Credit And Debit Card Fraud Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesThe Problem: Worldwide credit and debit card fraud resulted in losses amounting to $16.31 billion during the year 2014. The United States has been disproportionately affected by this fraud, due to their lack of adoption of the EMV Chip security measure. 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Forms of Abuse Experienced by Adults - 3468 Words

P1- describe forms of abuse which may be experienced by adults P2- describe factors that abuse may be happening to adults M1- Assess the likely immediate effects of two different forms of abuse on the health and wellbeing of adults D1- Evaluate the potential long-term effects of these two types of abuse on the health and wellbeing of adults Abuse is any form of mistreatment by any other person or even persons that will violate an individual s basic human and civil rights. The abuse can vary, from treating someone with disrespect in a way that significantly affects the person s quality of life, to causing actual physical or mental suffering, either over a short term or a long term of time, clearly the longer it goes on the worse the†¦show more content†¦Immediate effects of sexual abuse The immediate effects of sexual abuse can be anything from STD, bruising in the genital area, missing pieces of clothing, bruising marks on the adults body where they have been grabbed. These immediate effects can work because it shows signs of sexual abuse and can help prove they have been abused and its not just in the vulnerable adults head. Immediate effects on sexual abuse may not work though because its very hard to figure out that someone has been sexually abused if their is no immediate effects and a case scenario has to be investigated further it could take longer to figure out if sexual abuse has been happening or its all the vulnerable adults head or the adult could have dementia and dreaming it. Long term effects of sexual abuse on adults The most common immediate effect is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or â€Å"PTSD.† Other negative immediate effects may include depression, anxiety, promiscuity, general behavioural problems, poor self-esteem, and disruptive behaviour disorders. 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International Business Environment and Competition

Question: Discuss about the International Business Environment and Competition. Answer: Introduction In the present business scenario, the competition among the business organizations has increased substantially. The companies are using different strategies to increase their competitiveness and capture the maximum market share. However, the competition among the businesses has reached a very level and matured the market. There is little scope for growth in the local markets and hence, the companies are using international expansion strategies. Along with it, the phenomenon of globalization has also encouraged the companies to seek the foreign and unexploited markets to increase their profitability. With the globalization, the companies are moving from the local markets to a more integrated market place, where the supplies are attained from a different country, manufactured in a different place and sold in a different market (Kaynak, 2014). Most of the business organizations have identified that the international expansion has numerous benefits for the growth of the companies. It is the strategy, in which the companies take their business outside the borders in which they were founded. Today, most of the large organizations have expanded their operations across boundaries to diversify their risks, target unexploited and fresh markets an increase their productivity (Wheeler, McDonald and Greave, 2003). In this regard, in this report, an international market expansion strategy for Woolworths has been proposed by selecting an appropriate target market. The report begins with providing a brief introduction to the company and its operations. Then after, an appropriate target market has been selected for the organization by evaluating the market conditions and external factors. In the report, the international market expansion strategy and the choice of entry mode in the international market has been discussed. Introduction to the Organization and Product Woolworths is a major retail organization in Australia and New Zealand. It has a chain of supermarkets and retail stores in Australia and New Zealand. It has a strong market share in the Australian supermarket and grocery market. It specializes in grocery and the household items; and along with it, Woolworths also sell magazines, stationary items and packaged foods. It has more than thousand stores in Australia an also operate as Safeway stores in several rural locations in Australia. Woolworths Limited was founded in 1924 in Australia and since then has created a strong market share in the country. It has duopoly with the Coles supermarket stores and has established strong relationship with the suppliers and has strong customer loyalty and presence all across Australia (Woolworths, 2017). However, the presence of the Woolworths Supermarkets outside Australia is very limited with only stores in New Zealand outside Australia. In 2006, Woolworths ventured in the Indian markets with Dick Smith Electronics Stores which were later bought by Tata Sons Infiniti in 2012 (PTI, 2012). In Australia, Woolworths Limited covers majority of market share in the retail business. However, in the recent years, the emergence of several small retail companies and foreign discount retail organizations such as Aldi has reduced the market share of the company (Crane, 2016). These discount retailers have obtained the customers of the company by offering discount, low process and good services. AS a result, the market share of the Woolworths has reduced substantially. Therefore, international market expansion seems a lucrative opportunity for the organization. Selection of the Target Market In the international expansion strategy, the selection of the target market is the foremost step. The selection of the target market is based upon several factors and criterion. Before entering into the foreign market, a business organization should evaluate the viability of the venture and the overall return. The basic criterion for the selection of the target market is the competition level, the purchasing capability of the customers and the relevance of the product and services offered to the target customers (Ferrell and Pride, 2008). In this essence, the Woolworths should select the retail market with high household income and political and economic stability. India demonstrates high potential for Woolworths. It is due to the rise in the young population, high standard of living and rise in disposable income of the population (Halligan, 2014). China is also a strong contender for the retail expansion of the organization; however, strict legislations and rule in the country makes it difficult for the organization to enter into the market (Gruver, 2014). Moreover, as discussed in the report, Woolworths has once ventured into the Indian markets; therefore, it has significant market and expansion knowledge of the country. Accordingly, the company can utilize this market knowledge to reenter in the Indian market. In India, there is growing trend of supermarkets and shopping malls and several multinational companies have entered the Indian markets. It is reported that the Indian retail market is expected to grow by 3.6 trillion dollar by 2020. Therefore, at present, the Indian market seems the best opportunity for the organization (Ahluwalia, 2016). Pestle Analysis of the Target Market Before entering into the foreign market, it is important for the organization to evaluate the external and internal factors which might affect the organization and thus examine the viability of the business. In this regard, the PESTLE analysis is used to examine the macro factors and the business environment for the organization. Political Factors India is one of the largest democracies of the world and follows the federal form of government. The political environment of the country includes its taxation structure, laws, and legislations for the foreign entities. The county has a well-developed taxation structure and it is politically stable (Qin, 2010). Since 1990s, the government has introduced several reforms to boost the industrial growth of the country. It includes deregulation policy, international trade regulations and simple structure for the corporate taxes. It could be examined that the political environment of the country is suitable for the venture (Rao and Kadam, 2016). Economic Factors India is a developing economy and observed an exponential economic growth in the recent years. Several reforms were made in 1990s to increase the economic growth of the country. It includes changes in the industrial licensing and liberalization for the foreign companies. India has successfully recovered from the economic recession and grown exponentially in terms of economy. It is one of the fastest growing countries of the world. Moreover, the economic growth of the country has increased the working population in the country and thus expanding the disposable income of the people (Springfield, 2014). The economic factors also include the interest rates, exchange rates and the foreign exchange rates in the country (Craig and Campbell, 2012). The economic factors assist an organization in assessing the costing of the product, examining the demand and growth in the market. The economic volatility of the market has reduced after the introduction of derivatives trading (Nuruzzaman, 2011). Moreover, in 2016, the Indian government has conducted the demonetization of the currency notes; which has increased the economic volatility of thee county. Social Factors: The social factors of any country include the population, religion, customs and the recent trends. India is one of the most populated countries in the world after China. It has a culturally diverse population and majority of the population comprise of young and working population (Henry, 2011). Therefore, they have a fast lifestyle and frequent supermarket stores to buy goods and luxury products. Technological factors: The technological factors of the country play a significant role in the success of the organization. It includes the infrastructure, communication systems and the technological equipment. The new technology can reduce cost, increase efficiency, product quality and foster innovations in the organization. It could be evaluated that India is technically advanced country and developing in terms of technical infrastructure. It is home to the largest IT organizations of the world and the business organizations can utilize the advanced technical infrastructure to increase their productivity. It has adopted 3G and 4G technology and provides advanced communication system for the users (Idfc Foundation, 2016). Legal Factors: The legal factors of the marketplace include the laws and legislations that can affect the business of the organization. The laws related to the environment protection, consumer protection, employment law and import/export law can affect the business of the organization. The legal factors impact the profit margins, product transportation and the viability of the markets (Qin, 2010). Environmental factors: The environmental factors impact the retail businesses in several ways. It has direct impact on the natural resources available for the organization as well as the environmental laws controls the operations of the businesses. In India, there are several environmental laws that control the operations of the company and exploitation of the natural resources. Moreover, the environmental awareness of the customers also impact on the business of the organizations (HG, 2017). General Strategy for the International Market There are several strategies for the international market expansion of a business organization. These strategies are, namely, global standardization, localization, transnational and international strategy. It could be examined that the international is the best strategy for the market expansion of the organization. It refers to a business operating in different countries with different degrees of coordination in business strategy and operations. It coordinates the activities of different subsidiaries of the organization and the business activities of different organizations are regulated by the central office. It aims towards achieving the optimization of cost and the resources in an organization. In this strategy, an organization produces the goods in the domestic market and sells them in the international market with negligible minimal customization according to the local market demands. The international strategy is beneficial for an organization when the company has low pressures for the cost and the local responsiveness. It is beneficial for Woolworths as it is a retail organization and works with fewer profit margins (Hill and Jones, 2011). It can work with this strategy as it will allow the local subsidiarity of the organization to work independently and with the coordination of the central department. In contrast to it, other strategies for instance, global standardization focuses on reducing the operational cost to the organization be reducing the economy of sale. It is done by exploiting the cost fluctuations in different economies. It can be evaluated that the since Woolworths is a retail organization, the best strategy to enter in the international markets is international strategy. This strategy is used in the international expansion when there is a strong pressure for cost reduction; however, expectations for the local responsiveness are minimal. It is basically adopted to reduce the overall cost to the organization. In the customization strategy, the company ventures into a foreign market by adapting its products to the local preference. It is the best strategy for the product companies to establish into the fo reign market. It can be observed that Woolworths is a retail organization and it does not require adapting the product to the local taste of the customers. It can adapt the local strategy of Australia to expand in the Indian market. It involves procuring products from the local farmers and selling them to the customers. It can also introduce the loyalty awards and similar strategies to attain the market share (Peng, 2008). Choice of Entry Mode After the selection of the target market and the internationalization strategy, the next step is to select the entry mode of the organization. There are several entry modes to the international markets and their viability depends on the target customers and the product or the service, the company is offering. Woolworths is a retailing organization and does not produce any product or service but procure products from farmers and local retailers and sell them. The retail industry is characterized by high competition and low profit margins. In this regard, it could be examined that the best entry mode for the organization is the strategic alliance with the local organizations. With this strategy, the company can gain deep insight to the local market trends and the market characteristics as well as hare resources and is experience with the organization. Along with it, there are several other entry modes such as exporting or franchising; however, they are not ideal for Woolworths (Mcdonal d, Burton and Dowling, 2002). Conclusion It can be concluded that Woolworths is a retail giant situated in Australia. It has a strong local market presence; however, it has limited operations in the foreign markets. In Australia, Woolworths has dominant market share along with Coles; however, the recent advent of Aldi and the foreign discount retailers have reduced its market share. The profits of the company are declining; therefore, it needs to seek new avenues to maintain its market share. Therefore, in order to increase its profitability and reduce the local market dependence, the international strategy has been proposed for market expansion. In essence, the target market if India has been selected for the internationalization. It is a promising market with high economic growth. Politically, it is stable with a well-developed taxation structure and laws. India has a strong potential due to its growing middle-class and increasing purchasing power of its customers. It has robust economy and ideal market conditions. The social factors also influence the business of an organization. The share of working youth in the population of India is high which can promote the business of retail organization. The infrastructure of the company is technically advanced and has well-developed communication system. Therefore, the company can utilize the advanced technical infrastructure for its operations. In Indian market, the entry mode of strategic alliance could be adopted. It is the best entry mode for an organization to enter into the foreign markets with little knowledge. In this strategy, the company makes strategic alliance with a local company in order to gain market knowledge and establish itself in foreign country. References Ahluwalia, H. 2016. Indias retail market expected to double to $3.6 trillion by 2020: report. [Online.] Available at: https://www.livemint.com/Industry/rodjkB7vyBRLgTu0OMqHFM/Indias-retail-market-expected-to-double-to-36-trillion-by.html [Accessed on: 13 February 2017]. Craig, T. and Campbell, D. 2012. Organisations and the Business Environment. London: Routledge. Crane, E. 2016. Aldi is now more profitable than Coles or Woolworths and is set to grab even more shoppers - if they sort out their fresh food and customer service. Daily Mail UK. [Online.] Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3616925/Aldi-profitable-Coles-Woolworths-set-grab-shoppers.html#ixzz4YY8twVTG [Accessed on: 13 February 2017]. Ferrell, O.C. and Pride, W. 2008. Marketing. Cengage Learning. Gruver, J. 2014. Why India Will Soon Outpace China. Forbes. [Online.] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesgruber/2014/05/04/india-will-soon-outpace-china/#c2cd7426e82c [Accessed on: 14 February 2017]. Halligan, L. 2014. Indias potential is huge, and we should cash in. The Telegraph. [Online.] Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/10963768/Indias-potential-is-huge-and-we-should-cash-in.html [Accessed on: 14 February 2017]. Henry, A. 2011. Understanding Strategic Management. London: OUP Oxford. 2017. Environment Law - Environmental and Natural Resources Law. [Online.] Available at: https://www.hg.org/environ.html [Accessed on: 14 February 2017]. Hill, C.W.L. and Jones, G.R. 2011. Essentials of Strategic Management. London: Cengage Learning. Idfc Foundation. 2016. India Infrastructure Report 2012: Private Sector in Education. Routledge. Kaynak, E. 2014. Internationalization of Companies from Developing Countries. Routledge. Mcdonald, F., Burton, F. and Dowling, P. 2002. International Business. Cengage Learning EMEA. Nuruzzaman, A. 2011. INDIAN FUTURES MARKET : AN ANALYSIS. Management Insight 7(2). Peng, M.W. 2008. Global Strategy. Boston: Cengage Learning. PTI. 2012. Tata Sons' Infiniti Retail buys Woolworths Wholesale India for Rs 200 crore. The Economic Times. [Online.] Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/tata-sons-infiniti-retail-buys-woolworths-wholesale-india-for-rs-200-crore/articleshow/16568596.cms?intenttarget=no [Accessed on: 13 February 2017]. Qin, Z. 2010. Introduction to E-commerce. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Rao, A. and Kadam, K. 2016. 25 years of liberalisation: A glimpse of Indias growth in 14 charts. First Post. [Online.] Available at: https://www.firstpost.com/business/25-years-of-liberalisation-a-glimpse-of-indias-growth-in-14-charts-2877654.html [Accessed on: 14 February 2017]. Springfield, C. 2014. INDIAN ECONOMY GROWTH SECTORS AND SIGNIFICANT OPPORTUNITIES. International Banker. [Online.] Available at: https://internationalbanker.com/finance/indian-economy-growth-sectors-significant-opportunities/ [Accessed on: 14 February 2017]. Wheeler, C., McDonald, F. and Greave, I. 2003. Internationalization: Firm Strategies and Management. Springer. Woolworths. 2017. About us. [Online.] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed on: 14 February 2017].